Clival metastasis refers to the dissemination of malignant cells to the clivus, a central bony structure at the skull base, which can precipitate a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Among these, ...

When trying to understand the health of long-past populations, sometimes you have to rely on nothing but the bones. In anthropology, porous cranial lesions (PCLs) — areas of pitting on the roof of the ...

Cranial neuropathy occurs when there is damage to the cranial nerves in the brain or brain stem. Depending on the affected cranial nerve, people may experience different symptoms, such as weakness on ...

A previously healthy 89-year-old woman was referred to the plastic surgery service because of a rapidly growing lesion at the base of her right nostril at the nasolabial fold. The patient had had this ...

The fourth cranial nerve exits the posterior brainstem near the lower margin of the inferior colliculus. An isolated lesion of the trochlear nerve results in failure of downward gaze when the eye is ...

Cranial nerves are pairs of nerves that connect your brain to different parts of your head, neck, and trunk. Each nerve has a corresponding roman numeral between i and xii. Your cranial nerves are ...

The vagus nerve is one of 12 pairs of cranial nerves in the body. It’s involved in various bodily functions, including digestion, heart rate, and breathing. There are 12 cranial nerves in the body.

A complex system of nerves and muscles enables the human eye to blink, gaze, and shift focus. The trochlear nerve is one of six cranial nerves that carry electrical impulses from the brain to the eye.

The cranial nerves are a set of twelve pairs of nerves that travel to and from the brain. Each has a different function. For example, the olfactory nerve is essential for detecting smells. The ...